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Sub-Project-5: In-situ assessment, monitoring and typification of buildings and infrastructures Electronics and IT provide many new possibilities, but require guidelines and methodologies for a proper employment of devices. There is considerable experience “spread” all over the world, but a global harmonised overview is missing. Hence, for Sub-Project 5, the development an implementation of experimental devices is envisaged, with the focus being both on the collection and evaluation of results obtained so far in other projects but also on the development of innovative concepts. Further, feasibility studies and discussions of benefits, which could be obtained by additional measures, e.g. the implementation of monitoring systems, will be carried out. The Sub-project is coordinated by ARS, featuring also the participation of RWTH, ISMES, LNEC and VCE.
Disseminated material related to this Sub-Project can be found by clicking each of the links below:
Deliverables Presentations Reports Publications Events Meetings
NEW! The invitation for the SP5 workshop to be held in Vienna (June 14th-15th, 2007) can be downloaded here. A summary of each of the tasks involved in this Sub-Project is provided below: Task 2.1.1: Rules and guidelines for the implementation and use of in-situ assessment methods, installed instrumentation, databases and GIS implementation In-situ assessment methods comprise general methods and methods based on measurements, especially dynamic in-situ testing. The rules and guidelines will cover: Task 2.1.2: Assessment of pre-earthquake resistance of existing structures based on dynamic in-situ testing Sub-task 2.1.2.a: Buildings Preliminary Finite Element models for several investigated masonry buildings will be fitted to measured dynamic parameters. As model updating is still a very open field, effort will be spent on further improving of the existing models, searching also for alternative updating strategies. The measured data plus the final FE models will then be made available in European databases (e.g. EUMEDIN database, SAMCO database, etc). Further relevant data will be compiled on basis of literature review. Sub-task 2.1.2.b: Bridges Based on past experience accumulated by the participants and on results found in literature, the benefits of implementation of in-situ measurements, instrumentation, databases and GIS to bridges with lifeline character will be studied (feasibility studies, e.g. for some important bridges in zone 3 and 4 in Austria). There will be close cooperation with Sub-Project 8. Sub-task 2.1.2.c: Lifeline systems and hospitals Advanced studies will be carried out using already well prepared data, available from other national project activities. Past work will be evaluated and further improved, considering especially all relevant parts of EC8. The final goal could be the layout for the European version of FEMA 310. Close cooperation with Sub-Project 7 is envisaged. Task 2.1.3: Building typification at European level The purpose of this part of the project is to review the current and more common types of construction in seismic regions of Europe, based in available published studies in various countries. This shall provide the identification and establishment of a set of structural typologies of buildings in Europe, encompassing the relevant characteristics that influence its seismic behaviour. Along with this typification effort, the evolution of the seismic design codes in the different countries shall be examined so that some quantitative measure of the seismic resistance of the different structural typologies may be inferred. A frequent source of information regarding the buildings stock is the result of Census carried out by National Authorities at regular intervals. In this respect, the purpose of this part of the project is to put together, in an integrated way at the European level, the information available from the more recent national Census. The information shall be analysed in terms of the inventory and spatial distribution of buildings and dwellings and the presence of inhabitants, considering that all of these three variables influence, in different ways, the seismic risk. The proposed approach shall enable a more consistent evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of buildings throughout Europe and the corresponding seismic risk assessment across the various regions of Europe. Contacts will be held with the ongoing project RISK-UE (http://www.risk-ue.net/) in order to avoid duplication of effort and results. Liaison with Sub-Projects 8, 9 and 10 will be carried out so that harmonised results can be obtained. Task 2.1.4: Update of vulnerability estimates via monitoring and integration of the vulnerability models in a GIS Environment It will be not possible within this project to develop a “fully–operable” system, but concepts will be elaborated. It is proposed to set up a methodology/ procedure leading to up-to-date vulnerability estimates that makes use of the monitoring data. This activity will concern vulnerability assessments of levels 2 and 3, which are susceptible to be improved by the monitoring data. Level II: Within the vulnerability model of Level 2 as the one of GNDT, the possibility to have at disposal a monitoring system is expected to allow from a side improving the evaluation of some parameters that contribute to the definition of the vulnerability index (for example the parameter quality of the resisting system, conventional shear resistance and maintenance conditions). The presence of a monitoring system installed on the structure could be moreover an additional parameter that concurs to the vulnerability index evaluation. The monitoring at this assessment level can consist of quick measurements by means of simple special tools as the seismic bag, or simple hammer tests or some advanced exciter. The elaboration of the data that are furnished by the monitoring system could allow evaluating more precisely the effects, which are due to the strengthening and/or adjustment intervention. In particular, it could be possible to identify which parameters are affected by the intervention and in which measure. In both cases the inclusion of the monitoring implies the revision of the scores and weights of the parameters by means of the statistical analysis. Target structures: residential buildings in reinforced concrete and masonry. Level III: The results furnished by the monitoring system would constitute the indispensable basis for the setting up of an appropriate mechanical structural model of Level 3. The structure is simulated by means of a simplified mathematical model with concentrated masses and stiffnesses (stick model), which reproduces the fundamental structural seismic functioning. The identification of the fundamental structural scheme shall have to be diversified in function of the different structural typologies (the resisting to an earthquake mechanisms of a box-structure masonry building are different from the ones of a reinforced concrete frame structure). For the assignment of the geometrical and mechanical model elements it’s necessary to have at disposal a wider and less qualitative data base than the one that is enough for the Level 2 evaluation, which includes the physical – mechanical material characteristics, the value and the location of possible damage conditions, a greater geometrical detail, etc. The availability of surveys of the structural response allows moreover calibrating the mathematical model on the measured response, so that a more representative computational model of the actual structural condition is available. The seismic response of the arranged simplified model is computed by means of a non-linear incremental static analysis of push over type, which furnishes the horizontal load – horizontal displacement curve till the collapse; such curve constitutes the structure vulnerability function. The non-linearity of behaviour has to be identified on the basis of the structural typology under exam. Target structures: bridges, infrastructures (lifelines, hospitals, schools). The structural models used for the above approaches will be discussed with Sub-Projects 8 and 9. Task 2.1.5: Layout for an European code on the in-situ assessment of earthquake resistance of existing structures For strengthening and repair of buildings the only currently available guideline document is the draft of prEN 1998-3, where only a few minor set of statements are given on in-situ assessment. It will be an integral part of this Task to evaluate and improve previous work carried out using US regulation considering all relevant parts of EC8, with the final goal of arriving at a working layout for a European code on seismic risk assessment for existing structures. The work on this Task will be started in the last year of the project and will involve close co-operation with Sub-Projects 8 and 9. |
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